Below is a table of the Nobel Prize winners for 2024 across all six categories, along with their contributions:
|
Category |
Winner(s) |
Contribution |
|
Physiology or Medicine |
Victor Ambros, Gary Ruvkun |
For the discovery of microRNA, a
new class of tiny RNA molecules that play a crucial role in gene regulation,
revealing a fundamental principle of how gene activity is controlled in
multicellular organisms, including humans. |
|
Physics |
John J. Hopfield, Geoffrey Hinton |
For foundational discoveries and
inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks,
using physics tools to develop methods that underpin modern AI technologies
like pattern recognition and data processing. |
|
Chemistry |
David Baker (½), Demis Hassabis
(¼), John Jumper (¼) |
David Baker: For computational
protein design, creating new proteins with applications in pharmaceuticals
and materials. Demis Hassabis and John Jumper: For protein structure
prediction using AI (AlphaFold2), solving a 50-year-old problem by predicting
nearly all known protein structures. |
|
Literature |
Han Kang |
For her intense poetic prose that
confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life,
offering a unique perspective on the connections between body, soul, and
historical memory. |
|
Peace |
Nihon Hidankyo |
For efforts to achieve a world
free of nuclear weapons and demonstrating through witness testimony (from
Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors) that nuclear weapons must never be used
again, reinforcing the global nuclear taboo. |
|
Economic Sciences |
Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson,
James A. Robinson |
For studies of how institutions
are formed and affect prosperity, showing how societal institutions influence
economic growth and why disparities in wealth persist between nations, based
on historical analysis of colonial systems. |
